Yugoslavian Mauser Rifles Explained Following my extensive update to the Yugo Mauser and German Mauser sections of our web site, I decided on a whim to search the 'net using terms like 'Yugo Mauser', 'Mauser M48', 'Mauser M98', and so on out of idle curiosity. Mar 08, 2012 M48 production started in 1950 with about 53K built. In 51 it was 91K and 52 saw 94K built. The M48A started in 1953, followed by the M48B (still marked M48A) and last the M48BO, BO is an abbreviation for 'bez oznake' which means 'unmarked'. Yugo 24/47 and M48 bolts interchange? I'm going to be building a custom rifle on a Yugo 24/47 action, but the bolt I have is really ratty. There's a lot of deep pitting on the bolt body.
- Serial Numbers Office
- Yugoslavian M48 Mauser Parts
- Yugo M48 Serial Numbers
- Yugo M48 Serial Number Age
- Free Software Serial Numbers
Puška M.48 7,9 mm (Rifle M.48 7.9 mm) | |
---|---|
Type | |
Place of origin | Yugoslavia |
Service history | |
In service | 1950–present |
Used by | See Users |
Wars | Lebanese Civil War Yugoslav Wars |
Production history | |
Designed | 1948 |
Produced | 1950–1965 |
No. built | 1,224,000+ |
Variants | M48, M48A, M48B, M48BO |
Specifications | |
Mass | 3.9 kg (8.6 lb) |
Length | 1105 mm (43.5 in) |
Barrel length | 597 mm (23.25 in) |
Cartridge | 7.92×57 mm IS (8 mm Mauser) |
Action | Bolt action |
Muzzle velocity | 760 m/s (2,493 ft/s) |
Effective firing range | 500 m (547 yd) (with iron sights) 800+ m (875 yd) (with optics) |
Feed system | 5-round stripper clip, internal box magazine |
Sights | rear: standard V-notch, adjustable to 2,000 meters in 100 m increments front: hooded, inverted V |
The Zastava M48 (Serbo-Croatian: Puška M.48 7,9 mm / Пушка M.48 7,9 mm, 'Rifle M.48 7.9 mm') is a post World War IIYugoslavian version of the German Karabiner 98k designed by Mauser and the Belgian designed M24 series.
History[edit]
After World War II, the Yugoslavs took this design and incorporated minor modifications. Although very similar to the German rifle in general appearance, many of the parts of these two rifles are not interchangeable,[1] especially the bolt and related action parts. M48s are usually distinguished from the 98k by the top handguard, which extends behind the rear sight and ends just in front of the receiver ring, although this feature exists on other models as well. The M48 was designed with a stock similar to the 98k, but it has a shorter intermediate-length action and receiver, as does the similar M24 series Mauser. The M24 series Mausers were built from prewar Yugoslav Model 24 Mausers and then refurbished with newer Belgian parts, and usually have straight bolts, while the M48s have curved bolts. Most M48 stocks are made from thicker Elm or Beech wood and have a thick stainless steel butt plate at the rear of the stock. The M24/47 stocks are mostly made of thinner Walnut or Beech wood and do not have a milled stainless steel 'cupped' butt plate. The M48 was also designed to remove the follower from stopping the bolt from closing when the magazine is empty. M48's are regarded as a military surplusfirearm and can be collected in the United States, Canada and Australia at a generally cheap price due to the plentiful numbers recently imported from Europe, most of which had never been used in combat.
Variants[edit]
There are five main versions of the M48.
M48: 1950-1952- The initial version of the M48, with full crest and all machined steel parts.
M48 with ammo in stripper clip
M48 Crest
![Number Number](/uploads/1/2/6/1/126173971/350227483.jpg)
M48A: 1952-1965- Inclusion of stamped parts. the M48A used sheet metal stampings for the magazine floor plate. These changes sped production while lowering cost.[2] The critical bolt and receiver which contain the pressure of the burning propellant within the cartridge case retained the same material requirements and design tolerances (i.e. were machined from forged steel) in the A and B variations.
M48B: 1956-1965- Additional sheet metal stampings incorporated. The most critical factor to understand about this model is that it continued to be stamped on the receiver ring M48A. There was no change in markings. The specific changes in parts is unverified but include stamped barrel and H-bands and the magazine spring follower. The most significant change and external appearance whereby the M48B may be identified is the trigger guard. Whereas previously, the trigger guard/mag well were machined from a solid billet of steel, it was changed to an assembly fabricated from stamped parts. The new trigger guard has a rib running around the exterior of both sides. While the exact number of changes made to this model have not been specified, the impact on production in 1956 were extensive and drastically reduced the number produced that year. There was a specific reason for this. From 1956 on, all M48 production was intended solely for export.
M48BO: 1956-1965- The 'bo' stands for 'bez oznake' and translates roughly as 'unmarked' or 'without markings.' These were identical to and manufactured concurrent with the crested M48B but were not stamped with any national or manufacturer's markings.
M48/63:Zastava Arms manufactured the M48/63 sporting rifle which is a short barreled variant of the Model 1948 rifle.[3] The production stopped as of 2013.
Combat use[edit]
Most M48s that are encountered in the United States and Australia today show only slight wear—usually from storage. Many rifles are sold with accessories, including bayonet, bayonet scabbard, leather bayonet frog, ammo pouches, cleaning rod, and field cleaning kit. The rifles are normally sold coated in the protective grease 'cosmoline' which needs to be cleaned out before the rifle is fired. The condition is frequently excellent due to a Yugoslavian maintenance program that cleaned and inspected the stored rifles in rotation every 5 years until that nation's breaking up.[citation needed]
As such, the M48 saw use in the Yugoslav Wars, thousands being used by various militias[4] or paramilitary forces.[5] Often the M48 was used as the basis for a sniper rifle, drilled and tapped for the ZRAK 4x32 telescopic sight and mounts.[6] However, other than an experimental batch of approximately 4000 rifles, no official M48 sniper rifle was ever fielded by the Yugoslav Army.[7]
Egypt bought M48As to diversify its suppliers in the 1950s.[8]Syria purchased M48A[9] and M48BO rifles.[10]Indonesia, Iraq, Burma, Algeria and Chad also received some.[2] In the 1980s, Syria sent surplus M48s to pro-Syrian Lebanese factions during the Lebanese Civil War.[11]
In 2018 Polish Border Guard obtained 44 rifles for ceremonial purposes due to its physical similarities with Polish pre war Kb wz. 98a.[12]
Users[edit]
- Algeria
- Burma
- Chad
- Egypt
- Indonesia
- Iraq
- Various Lebanese militias
- Poland
- Yugoslavia
References[edit]
- ^Ball 2011, p. 332.
- ^ abScarlata, Paul (October 15, 2013). 'Yugoslavian M48A | Yugo M48A Mauser Rifle'. Military Surplus Magazine.
- ^'SPORTING RIFLE M48/63'. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012.
- ^Grant, Neil (2015). Mauser Military Rifles. Weapon 39. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 50. ISBN9781472805966.
- ^Krott, Rob (October 2003). 'Macedonia's Weaponry: A New Nation Re-Arms and Fights'. Small Arms Review. Vol. 7 no. 1.
- ^M48 Mauser Sniper Rifle
- ^Serbian & Yugoslav Mauser Rifles by Branko Bogdanovic, North Cape Publishing, 2005[page needed]
- ^Scarlata, Paul (March 2013). 'Military rifle cartridges of Egypt from Khartoum to the Sinai'. Shotgun News.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 369.
- ^Philip Peterson (20 July 2011). Standard Catalog of Military Firearms: The Collector's Price and Reference Guide. Gun Digest Books. p. 160. ISBN1-4402-1451-4.
- ^JWH1975 (June 23, 2017). 'Syrian Civil War: WWII weapons used'. WII After WII. WordPress. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
- ^Wilk, Remigiusz (30 October 2018). 'Mausery w Nowym Sączu'. milmag.pl (in Polish).
- Ball, Robert W. D. (2011). Mauser Military Rifles of the World. Iola: Gun Digest Books. ISBN9781440228926.
- The Serbian & Yugoslav Mauser Rifles, Branko Bogdanovic, North Cape Publishing, 2005
- Personal communication with the author, Branko Bogdanovic.
- Article, The Anonymous Yugo- The M48B, Military Rifle Journal, July 2008, Michael Cornell & James Golub
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zastava M48. |
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zastava_M48&oldid=912473269'
(Redirected from M24 series)
FN Model 24 | |
---|---|
Yugoslav Rifle Model 1924, from the collections of the Swedish Army Museum. | |
Type | |
Place of origin | Belgium |
Service history | |
In service | 1924-1986 |
Used by | See Users |
Wars | |
Production history | |
Manufacturer | FN Herstal, Kragujevac Arsenal |
Produced | 1924-1964 |
Specifications | |
Length | 110 centimetres (43 in) |
Barrel length | 50.4 centimetres (19.8 in) |
Cartridge | 7×57mm Mauser 7.62×51mm NATO .30-06 Springfield 7.65×53mm Mauser 7.92×57mm Mauser |
Action | Bolt-action |
Muzzle velocity | 760 m/s (2,493 ft/s) |
Effective firing range | 500 m (550 yd) (with iron sights) >800 m (870 yd) (with optics) |
Feed system | 5-round stripper clip, internal magazine |
Sights | Iron sights or telescopic sight |
The FN Model 24 series is a line of MauserGewehr 98 pattern bolt-action battle rifles produced by the BelgianFabrique Nationale. They are similar to the Czech vz. 24 rifle, featuring open sights, 8×57mm IS chambering, carbine-length barrels, hardwood stocks, and straight bolt handles.
- 1History
- 2Variants
History[edit]
After World War I and the German defeat, Belgium manufactured derivative of the Mauser 98, slightly modified.[1] The rifle series was modified depending on each customer's needs.[2] The designation Mle 24/30 is incorrect strictly speaking, since the Model 24 rifle is different from the Model 30. The confusion comes from the fact both versions were marketed at the same time in the 1930s.[3] The last rifles were produced in 1964.[4]
Belgium[edit]
The Belgian Armed Forces did not order the FN Mle 24/30 before the war. After the war, some training carbines Mle 24 in .22 Long Rifle were produced for the Belgian Army, the Belgian Navy and the colonial Force Publique.[5] The Belgian and Congolese forces also received some .30-06 new-production Mle 24/30 (aka Mle 50) carbines.[6][7] These carbines could be still found in the hand of Belgian reservists until 1986.[8]
Bolivia[edit]
Bolivia received some quantities of FN Model 24/30 rifles.[9] They were used during the Chaco War[10][11] and were still in service after the 1952 Revolution.[12]
China[edit]
The Republic of China received 24,000 FN Model 24 and 30 from 1930 to 1934 and more than 165,000 Model 30 between 1937 and 1939.[13] The Model 30 was copied as the Type 21 rifle at the Kwantung Arsenal and Type 77 rifle (from 1937, year of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident) at the Zhejiang Iron Works.[14] All these models were used during the Chinese Civil War[15] and Second Sino-Japanese War, being still in service at the end of World War II[16] and during the Korean War.[15][17] Ex-Lithuanian FN 1930 rifles captured by the Soviets were even supplied post-war to the People's Liberation Army.[17]
Colombia[edit]
In the early 1930s, Colombia bought FN Model 24 and 30 rifles in 7×57mm Mauser.[18] Many were later converted to .30-06 Springfield after 1950, serving alongside newly produced FN Model 50 short rifles.[19]
Congo[edit]
After the war, the Force Publique of the Belgian Congo received some thousands of newly-manufactured Mle 24/30 carbines.[8] Around 300 training rifles were also delivered.[5] After the independence as Republic of the Congo, the Congo Crisis broke. The FN Mle 24/30 were used during these conflicts, being seen in the hands of South Kasai secessionnist gendarmes or of Simba rebels.[20]
Ethiopia[edit]
The Ethiopian Empire bought 25,000 7.92×57mm Model 24/30 short rifles and carbines in 1933-1935.[21][22] They were fielded during the Italian invasion.[23]
France[edit]
Between July and December 1939, FN produced 6,500 Model 24/30 short rifles in 8mm.[24] They were probably used in the French colonies.[25]
Germany[edit]
After the German invasion of Belgium, FN-made rifles were used by second-line German units.[26] The Belgian Mle 24 rifles were designated Gewehr 220 (b)[27] and the Mle 24 carbines Karabiner 420 (b).[28] The Greek Model 30 was designated Gewehr 285 (b).[29] The Yugoslav M24A was referred to as Gewehr 291/1 (j) and the M24B as Gewehr 291/2 (j).[30]
Greece[edit]
Needing more rifles during the interwar period, Greece bought more than 75,000 FN Model 24/30 short rifles between 1930 and 1939.[21] They were known as Model 1930.[31] These rifles were used during the Greco-Italian War, the German invasion, the Greek Resistance.[32][33]
Haiti[edit]
During the 1930s[34] or after the war,[[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|page needed]] ],_Chapter_'Haiti'-35'>[35]Haiti ordered Model 24/30 short rifles in .30-06 Springfield. They were used by the Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale militia.[34] They were kept in reserve storage in the 1990s.[36]
Indonesia[edit]
Between 1946 and 1950, the Dutch company Indische Ondernemers Bond (Indies Business Union), bought 2,700 Mle 24 carbines for private security tasks, modified in the Netherlands to fire .308 Winchester/7.62 NATO.[37] The Royal Netherlands Indies Police reportedly also used some. Some were also kept in 7.92 Mauser. They have been later used by the independantist Free Papua Movement.[38]
Israel[edit]
Israel bought in the early 1950s some FN Model 30 short rifles originally in 7.92 Mauser. They were clones of the Kar 98k and were later modified to fire 7.62 NATO.[38][39] This state also received some Mle 24 training rifles.[8] A few German captured Greek Mauser were also supplied via Czechoslovakia.[33]
Liberia[edit]
From the early 1930s to the end of World War II, the Belgian-made Model 24 short rifle was the standard rifle of Liberian Frontier Force.[40]
Lithuania[edit]
During the late-1930s, Lithuania bought more than 75,000 Fusil Mle 30, exactly similar to the Brno-made vz. 24 used by the Lithuanian Army.[21] Both were designated Model 24 L.[41]
Luxembourg[edit]
Serial Numbers Office
Luxembourg ordered some Model 24/30 short rifles around 1930. They were later captured and used by the German Army after the invasion of Luxembourg.[42]
Mexico[edit]
In 1926 and 1927, Mexico ordered some 35,000 FN Mle 24 short rifles and carbines, chambered in 7mm Mauser.[43]
Morocco[edit]
In the 1950s, Morocco bought Model 1950 carbines in .308 Winchester and .30-06.[44]
Paraguay[edit]
Yugoslavian M48 Mauser Parts
Paraguay ordered FN Mle 24/30 short rifles during the late-1930s, designated them Model 1935.[45] Others sources state 7,000 were bought before 1932 and were used during the Chaco War.[10][12] In the 1960s, many of these 7.65 Mauser guns were modified to 7.62×51mm NATO in Brazil.[46]
Persia[edit]
The Imperial Persian Army bought some FN Mle 24 short rifles at the end of the 1920s.[47]
Peru[edit]
Peruvian soldiers with Model 1935 rifles during a commemoration in 2015.
During the late 1930s, Peru ordered FN 24/30. It had an inverted safety, which was activate by being turned to the left of the rifle. This 7.65mm Mauser version is known as Peruvian Model 1935 short rifle.[48] They were used during the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War of 1941.[49] From 1959-1960, they were reportedly modified to accept .30-06 ammunitions.[50]
Venezuela[edit]
Venezuela ordered 16,500 FN Mle 30 short rifles and carbines in the mid-1930s, firing the 7mm Mauser cartridge.[51] A very small number had a 6 inches (0.15 m) longer barrel, being designed to train the Venezuelan Olympic team.[52] Many more standard FN Mle 30 guns were delivered after the war.[21]
Arabian Peninsula[edit]
In the 1930s, both the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia[53] and the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen bought a substantial number of FN Mle 30 short rifles.[52] Saudi Arabia bought 'substantial numbers' of FN rifles in 1945-1950.[54] Some of the Saudi rifles may have been sent to Yemen after the war.[55]
Yugoslavia[edit]
The first Mauser-pattern rifle produced in Yugoslavia was the M24. Its predecessor, the FN Model 1924 had been produced for the Yugoslav army by FN Herstal until the Ministry and FN signed a contract on the purchase of the licence for production of rifles 7.9 mm M 24. Nearly all M24's were produced either before or during World War II, at the Kragujevac Arsenal plant. The M24 and Model 1924 are nearly identical. All M24 series weapons are designed to accept the M-24/48 pattern bayonet.
The final additions to the M24 family were the M24/47 and M24/52 rifles. Both were produced by reworking existing prewar Serbian Model 24 Mausers and then refurbished with newer Belgian parts during World War II at the Zastava Arms (formally Kragujevac Arsenal) plant, which was at that time under the control of the postwar communist government. '47' and '52' indicate the beginning of the rebuild program for each respective model: 1947 for the M24/47 and 1952 for the M24/52. One common misconception is that the M24/47 rifles were produced only in 1947; actually, the rebuild program lasted into the early 1950s alongside new production of M48 rifles. Minor cosmetic differences exist between the M24/47 and M24/52, but the rifles are nearly identical to one another and to their predecessors, the Model 1924 and M24. M24 series rifles were used by the Royal Yugoslav Army and by nearly all sides during World War II in Yugoslavia.
Yugo M48 Serial Numbers
Other users[edit]
Argentina bought many FN Model 24 rifles and Model 30 short rifles during the interwar period.[56] The FN Model 24 in 7×57mm was also exported to Costa Rica around 1935.[57]Ecuador received 7.65×53mm Mauser Model 30 short rifles.[58]Romania used some FN Mle 24 short rifles.[59]Uruguay bought approximately 5,000 Model 24 short rifles in 7mm Mauser during the 1930s.[60]Turkey is listed as one of the users.[9]
During the Nicaraguan Revolution, FN Mle 24 short rifles were carried by Sandinista rebels.[61]
Variants[edit]
Yugo M48 Serial Number Age
Top to bottom: Sokol carbine M1924, Rifle M1924, Assault carbine M1924ČK
Belgium[edit]
- Mod. 1922 long rifle - a full-length copy of the Gew. 98. Only sample rifles with Siamese or Ethiopian markings are known.[54]
- Mod. 1922 carbine, an older and shorter version of the FN Model 30, chambered in 7mm and featuring a straight stock.[62] More than 20,000 carbines were produced between 1922 and 1924[21] to equip Brazilian cavalry and artillery.[63]
- Fusil Mle 1924
- Fusil Mle 1930
- Fusil Mle 1924 d’entrainement - .22 Long Rifle training rifle,[5] manufactured 1948-1952.[64]
- Fusil Mle 1950 - Model 1924 export rifle modified to fire .30-06 Springfield cartridges.[7]
- Peruvian Model 1935 Short Rifle - Standard export model with an inverted safety.[48]
- FN Mle 30-11 - 7.62 NATO sniper rifle based on the FN Mle 30, manufactured 1976-1986.[65]
China[edit]
- Type 21 rifle - copy of the FN Model 30 short rifle in 7.92×57mm Mauser produced in the Kwantung Arsenal in the early 1930s.[66]
- Type 77 rifle - copy of the FN Model 30 produced in the Zhejiang Iron Works in the late 1930s. It was not compatible with other Mausers.[14]
Yugoslavia[edit]
- M.1924B - Designation of Gewehr 98 and M1912 Mexican Mauser rifles whose barrels were changed to M24's to meet the Army's standards as far as length and the common cartridge. The conversion was done in Užice. Original bayonets were also converted to fit the new barrels.[67]
- Sokolski karabin M.1924 (Sokol carbine M.1924) - at 94.5 centimetres (37.2 in) was just slightly shorter and had a straight bolt handle. It was designed for youth firearms training and target practice.
- Jurišna puška M.1924 (Assault rifle M.1924) - These can be identified by МОДЕЛ 1924 ЧК (MODEL 1924 ČK) written on the chamber, a bent bolt handle and an additional set of sling swivels on left side. It was designed after the Sokol carbine, Czecho-Slovak short gendarmerie rifle and Iranian Musketon, for use with assault units. The production started in May 1940, only about 5,000-6,000 were made. They were issued with a special combat knife that could be fitted on the rifle as a bayonet.[67]
Free Software Serial Numbers
- M.24/47 Rifle - M24 Rifles and Carbines of Belgian and Yugoslavian manufacture brought up to a common standard beginning in 1947 and continuing into the early 1950s. Most received new M48 barrels with 98k type front sight hoods not found on Model 1924's. Carbine features deleted rear swivel removed and plugged with dowel front carbine sling points ground off and polished.
- M.24/52č - Reworked Czech vz. 24 rifles (previously known under the designation M.24Č / M.24A / M.24a) in overhaul program similar to M24/47 beginning in 1952.[67]
Users[edit]
- Argentina[56]
- Belgium[5]
- Bolivia[9]
- Brazil (M1922)[63]
- China[13]
- People's Republic of China[15]
- Colombia[18]
- Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)[20]
- Costa Rica[57]
- Dutch East Indies[38]
- Ecuador[58]
- Ethiopian Empire[23]
- France[24]
- Nazi Germany[26]
- Kingdom of Greece[32]
- Haiti[34]
- Iran[47]
- Israel[39]
- Liberia[40]
- Lithuania[21]
- Luxembourg[42]
- Mexico[43]
- Morocco[44]
- NicaraguanSandinista National Liberation Front[61]
- Free Papua[38]
- Paraguay[45]
- Peru[48]
- Kingdom of Romania[59]
- Saudi Arabia[53]
- Uruguay[60]
- Venezuela[51]
- Kingdom of Yemen[52]
- Yugoslavia[68]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Smith, W. H. B; Smith, Joseph E. (1963) [1948]. The Book of Rifles. National Rifle Association. pp. 116–117.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 43.
- ^Vanderlinden, Anthony (5 December 2015). 'Confusing Terminology: The 24/30 FN Mauser'.
- ^Smith 1969, p. 212.
- ^ abcdBall 2011, p. 41.
- ^Smith 1969, p. 218.
- ^ abBall 2011, pp. 36&43.
- ^ abcGuillou, Luc (October 2007). 'Une carabine calibre d'entraînement belge Mauser, calibre .22LR'. Gazette des Armes. No. 391. pp. 50–53.
- ^ abcSmith 1969, p. 219.
- ^ abAlejandro de Quesada (20 November 2011). The Chaco War 1932-35: South America's greatest modern conflict. Osprey Publishing. p. 23. ISBN978-1-84908-901-2.
- ^Huon, Jean (September 2013). 'The Chaco War'. Small Arms Review. Vol. 17 no. 3.
- ^ abReynolds, Dan. 'Rifles of Bolivia 1900-1990'. carbinesforcollectors.com. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 81.
- ^ abNess, Leland; Shih, Bin (July 2016). Kangzhan: Guide to Chinese Ground Forces 1937–45. Helion & Company. p. 262. ISBN9781910294420.
- ^ abcBall 2011, p. 87.
- ^Jowett, Philip (20 Nov 2013). China’s Wars: Rousing the Dragon 1894–1949. General Military. Osprey Publishing. p. 333. ISBN9781782004073.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 248.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 106.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 107.
- ^ abAbbot, Peter (February 2014). Modern African Wars: The Congo 1960–2002. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 45. ISBN978-1-78200-076-1.
- ^ abcdefBall 2011, p. 42.
- ^Vanderlinden 2016, pp. 297-299.
- ^ abBall 2011, pp. 131-132.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 135.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 48.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 219.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 422.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 423.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 424.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 426.
- ^Smith 1969, p. 451.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 237.
- ^ abVanderlinden 2016, p. 308.
- ^ abcBall 2011, p. 240.
- [[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|
page needed ]]],_Chapter_'Haiti'_35-0'>^Vanderlinden 2016, p. [page needed], Chapter Haiti. - ^'Uphold Democracy 1994: WWII weapons encountered'. wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com. 9 June 2015.
- ^Ball 2011, pp. 408-409.
- ^ abcdBall 2011, p. 49.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 245.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 247.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 249.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 251.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 261.
- ^ abBall 2011, pp. 263-264.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 235.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 52.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 280.
- ^ abcBall 2011, p. 291.
- ^Jowett, Philip (28 Jun 2018). Latin American Wars 1900–1941: 'Banana Wars,' Border Wars & Revolutions. Men-at-Arms 519. Osprey Publishing. p. 46. ISBN9781472826282.
- ^'The Mauser Rifles of Peru'. carbinesforcollectors.com. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 397.
- ^ abcBall 2011, p. 399.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 306.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 53.
- ^'WWII weapons in Yemen's civil war'. wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com. 9 September 2018.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 9.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 111.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 129.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 304.
- ^ abBall 2011, pp. 390-393.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 267.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 46.
- ^ abBall 2011, p. 68.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 45.
- ^Popenker, Maxim. 'FN 30-11'. modernfirearms.net.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 88.
- ^ abcBogdanivić, Branko (1990). Puške: dva veka pušaka na teritoriji Jugloslavije. SPORTINVEST, Belgrade. pp. 110–123. ISBN86-7597-001-3.
- ^Ball 2011, p. 307.
- Ball, Robert W. D. (2011). Mauser Military Rifles of the World. Iola: Gun Digest Books. ISBN9781440228926.
- Smith, Joseph E. (1969). Small Arms of the World (11 ed.). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company.
- Vanderlinden, Anthony (2016). FN Mauser Rifles - Arming Belgium and the World. Wet Dog Publications. ISBN978-0-9981397-0-8.
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